exam about child labour

First English Exam
Read the text carefully and do the activities

Child labour in Pakistan is found in innumerable occupations and patterns. It is classified into two categories: children working for wages and those who work but don’t get paid. The latter involves children working for parents, mostly in rural as well as urban areas. The agricultural sector continues to be the biggest employer of children. The other category is of children working for wages which may involve children working as a part of family labour group in agricultural fields, or brick factories, or as individual wage earners generally found in small establishments not covered by laws protecting children. This sector is the largest employer of children in the urban and semi urban areas.
Domestic child workers are invisible and at high risk of exploitation and abuse. Being cheaper, they are more in demand and easier to control compared to adult servants. The most visible ones are street workers who are usually self employed, while some work under adult supervision. Their activities involve shoe shining, selling miscellaneous articles like newspapers, sweets and flowers. Some of them are rag-pickers rummaging through garbage bins. Their working hours are long and tedious because the profit margin is low and work is poorly organised.
Since all these children are growing up without education, Pakistan will soon have an even larger adult illiterate population. The government has plans and programmes for the prevention of polio, malnutrition and iodine deficiencies but the same approach must be applied to the problem of child labour. Instead of regulation and rehabilitation, the emphasis should be on the abolition of child labour which is the cause of poverty as it perpetuates exploitation.
Child labour in Pakistan, however, cannot be abolished by projects that cover only a few hundred child workers at a time. Something more concrete has to be done.
Part One: 1 –Comprehension
I) Match each main idea with its corresponding paragraph
Ideas Paragraphs
a- Child workers are highly exploited and abused by employers
b- Child labour cannot be abolished without real solutions.
c- Children in Pakistan are categorized and work in different fields.
d- No serious solutions are suggested and the society is growing illiterate

II) Are the following statements true or false according to the text
A- Some Pakistani children work for no wage.
B- All the children in Pakistan work in agriculture.
C- Child labour will be the main cause of adult illiteracy in Pakistan
D- Serious measures have been taken to abolish child labour.
III) In which paragraph is it mentioned that child labour receives less importance from the authorities
IV) Answer the following questions according to the text:
A- Where do most Pakistani children work
B- Who are the street workers
V) Who / What do the underlined words in the text refer to
A- the latter (§1): B- ones (§2): C- it (§3
2- Text Exploration
I- Find in the text words that are closest in meaning to the following
A- salaries (§1): B- control (§2
C- insufficiency (§3): D- eradicated (4
II) Which verbs can be derived from the following nouns? Complete the table below
Nouns Verbs
- Violation
- Survival
- Exploitation
- employment

III- Rewrite the following sentences using the prompts in brackets
A- Children in Pakistan provide cheap labour; so businessmen don’t hesitate to hire them. (such ...that
B- You think that the government should ban child labour. (it’s high time
C- If the child works hard all day, he will get a good salary. (as long as
IV) Classify the following words according to the pronunciation of their final /ed/ (1.5pts
Abolished – believed – provided – employed – prevented – helped
/d/ /t/ /Id/


V) Fill in the blanks with words from the list below: (1.5pts)
School – development – dangers – deprive – unaware – risks
Child labour does more than ……………1……… children of their education and mental and physical ……………2………….., their childhood is stolen. Immature and inexperienced child labourers may be completely ……………3……………… of the short and long term ……………4………….. involved in their work. Working long hours, child labourers are often denied a basic …………5…………… education, normal social interaction, personal development and emotional support from their family. Beside these problems, children face many physical ……6……….. -and death- from forced labour.
Part Two: Written Expression:(5pts)
Choose one of the following topics
Topic One: Using the following notes, write a composition about the causes of child labour.
- More mouths to feed in poor families.
- Poverty forces parents to send their children to work
- Need of money
- Parent’s ignorance of the importance of education
- Children are more profitable to employ
- Orphan children forced to work for their own living
- Employers exploiting children
Topic Two: Child labour is illegal. It violates children’s right. Which rights are violated? Give some concrete examples